龙锦营 发表于 2007-3-7 22:45

北洋工学院关防研究

近日中山小榄藏家刘昭铠先生偶得北洋工学院(现天津大学前身)关防一枚,并作文研究,现经先生同意发上网络,公诸同好!

龙锦营 发表于 2007-3-7 22:49

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">关于“国立北洋工学院关防”的研究<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">刘昭铠<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">民国年间由政府“印铸局”统一铸造的篆文官印<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>它既有厚重的历史沉淀,也是中国篆刻艺术的有机组成部分<SPAN lang=EN-US>, </SPAN>它融入了深厚的民族文化底蕴<SPAN lang=EN-US>, </SPAN>是我国特定历史条件下产生的一朵奇葩,它的历史和艺术含量值得我们去研究、探讨。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">最近笔者收集到了一个民国时期铸造的校印,该印是用纯铜铸造,呈紫红色包浆。重<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>·<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>公斤,印呈长方形,边长<SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN>公分,宽<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>公分,厚<SPAN lang=EN-US>1.8</SPAN>公分,边宽<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.8</SPAN>公分。印背中央有圆柱形的“印把子”,长<SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN>公分,直径<SPAN lang=EN-US>2.5</SPAN>公分。该印铸有朱文篆字九个:“国立北洋工学院关防”,左边款刻有“国字第七千三百零二号”,右边款刻有“中华民国三十二年十月日”。印背部把子左侧刻有“印铸局造”,右侧刻有“国立北洋工学院关防”,印背文字及边款均以楷书镌刻。这个不寻常的铜印引起了一连串的问题。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">一、何谓“关防”<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">“关防”是印章的一种,长方阔边,朱文居多,始于明朝初年,取“关防严密”之意,故名。朱元璋为防止大臣预印印章于空白纸作弊,将方印左右对分,各执其半,以便拼合验证核对。关防是由半通印演变而成。清代职官所用正方形官印称为“印”,临时派遣的官员用长方形官印称为“关防”。这类“官印”印钮通常为直柄状,即所谓“印把子”,除了容易把握使用外,亦有展示权力的寓意。民国年间京师大学堂、国立北京大学、国立西南联合大学等学校采用长方形校印,均称“关防”。</SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate w:st="on" Year="1912" Month="5" Day="3" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">1912</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">年<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>日</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">,中华民国政府教育部呈报临时大总统袁世凯,提议将京师大学堂“改称为北京大学校”,<st1:chsdate w:st="on" Year="1912" Month="5" Day="24" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False"><SPAN lang=EN-US>1912</SPAN>年<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>24</SPAN>日</st1:chsdate>,京师大学堂正式公开通告:“本学堂现经教育部改定名称</SPAN>

龙锦营 发表于 2007-3-7 22:50

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">曰:北京大学校,并另刻关防一颗,文曰‘北京大学校之关防’,于阳历<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate w:st="on" Year="2007" Month="5" Day="24" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False"><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>24</SPAN>日</st1:chsdate>启用,以昭信守,特此公布。”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">2005</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">年<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>期《收藏》杂志报道:有藏家在潘家园旧货市场搜集到一帖<SPAN lang=EN-US>1947</SPAN>年国立北京大学胡适校长延聘翁独健先生担任讲师的聘书,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">该聘书上</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">钤有长方形</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">国立北京大学关防</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">的朱印</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> 。<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">2002</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">年<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>月</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">北京大学校史馆正式对外开放</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">国家主席江泽民亲笔为北大校史馆题写了馆名。在开馆仪式上,北大历史系的王天有教授将该系代管多年的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">国立北京大学关防</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">宝玺正式捐赠给了校史馆。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">上述资料证明民国时期北京大学等高等学府的校印均称 “关防”。(详见附图)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">二、何谓“国立北洋工学院”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2002年9月28日《天津日报》报道天津大学近日发现清朝直隶总督兼北洋大臣王文韶上光绪皇帝奏折和清光绪皇帝的批复。这一珍贵的历史文献充分说明,北洋大学堂,也就是今天的天津大学,是我国近代高等教育的发源地。据史料记载,<SPAN lang=EN-US>1895</SPAN>年北洋大学堂在天津创办,<SPAN lang=EN-US>1903</SPAN>年更名为北洋大学。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">1917</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">年国民政府教育部对北洋大学与北京大学进行科系调整,北洋大学改为专办工科,法科移并北京大学,北京大学工科移并北洋大学。从此,北洋大学进入专办工科时代。<SPAN lang=EN-US>1929</SPAN>年后改名为</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">国立北洋工学院</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">从<SPAN lang=EN-US>1920</SPAN>年<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>月起,北洋大学专办工科,设有土木、采矿、冶金三学门;至<SPAN lang=EN-US>1935</SPAN>年北洋工学院设有矿冶、土木、机械、电机共四个系(内分七个工程组);为了提高学术及技术水平,北洋工学院于民国二十二年(<SPAN lang=EN-US>1933</SPAN>年)开始成立研究所,<SPAN lang=EN-US>1934</SPAN>年,其组织章程(含招考研究生)经教育部核准,<SPAN lang=EN-US>1935</SPAN>年初,开始招收研究生,首届研究生于<SPAN lang=EN-US>1937</SPAN>年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">七</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">·</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">七</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">事变前毕业,并被授予硕士学位。</SPAN>

龙锦营 发表于 2007-3-7 22:50

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate w:st="on" Year="1937" Month="7" Day="7" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1937</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>日</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,日本侵略军发动全面侵华战争。<st1:chsdate w:st="on" Year="2007" Month="7" Day="30" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False"><SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN>日</st1:chsdate>,天津沦陷。<st1:chsdate w:st="on" Year="2007" Month="9" Day="10" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False"><SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN>日</st1:chsdate>,教育部下令</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">以北平大学、北平师范大学、北洋工学院和北平研究院等院校为基干,设立西安临时大学</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">。<SPAN lang=EN-US> 1938</SPAN>年<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>月,西安临时大学改称国立西北联合大学。 <SPAN lang=EN-US>1941</SPAN>年<SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN>月,中国工程师学会及各专门工程学会在贵阳举办联合年会。借此相聚之机,各届北洋校友就复校事宜进行了磋商,会谈决定在呼吁恢复国立北洋工学院的同时,筹设私立北洋工学院,由全国北洋校友共同筹办。在此压力下,国民政府行政院于<SPAN lang=EN-US>1942</SPAN>年<SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN>月将原浙江省立英士大学升格为国立英士大学,将其工学院划出,独立为国立北洋工学院,任陈荩民为代理院长,因工学院地处浙江泰顺百丈口镇,故史称</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">泰顺北洋工学院</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">。与之相呼应,李书田于<SPAN lang=EN-US>1944</SPAN>年春在西安筹建了北洋工学院西京分院,下设土木工程、水利工程两系。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1945</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年<SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN>月,抗战胜利,天津收复。北洋广大师生和各地校友提出了恢复国立北洋大学的强烈要求。<SPAN lang=EN-US>1946</SPAN>年初,教育部正式下令恢复国立北洋大学,着力在天津西沽北洋大学原址复校。此后,泰顺北洋工学院、北洋工学院西京分院、西北工学院和北平部四校师生先后返津参加复校。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1949</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>月,天津解放,<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>月,北洋大学在原校址正式开学复课。<SPAN lang=EN-US>1951</SPAN>年北洋大学与河北工学院合并,定名为“天津大学”。百年历史证明,北洋大学、北洋工学院与天津大学均是同出一源,同归一脉。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">这个“关防”铸于<SPAN lang=EN-US>1943</SPAN>年,应该是“泰顺北洋工学院”时期的校印。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">三、何谓“印铸局”<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">这个铜印背部刻有“印铸局造”,印铸局到底是个什么机构?原来在北洋政府时期,国务院下设印铸局,专司官印(含徽章、关防、图记等)的制造、颁行、存档工作。民国五年,袁世凯任大总统期间,</SPAN>

龙锦营 发表于 2007-3-7 22:51

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">任命诗人、学者易顺鼎为印铸局局长。<SPAN lang=EN-US>1918</SPAN>年,徐世昌任大总统,任陆宗舆为印铸局长。南京临时政府成立后,印铸局长一职由当年与汪精卫合谋行刺摄政王的黄复生担任。除局长外,内设帮办、秘书、科长、参事、佥事、主事、技正、技士及办事员各职。印铸局制造的印文,全部采用朱迹阳文篆书,但各级官印所用篆体不尽一致。国家级的大体是用玉箸篆,各部院多以九叠篆入印,因其过于繁杂难辨,于<SPAN lang=EN-US>1914</SPAN>年后改用尚方大篆,各级省政府及厅局印文用尚方小篆,司法各厅用钟鼎篆,县政府用垂露篆。所有的官印(章)均为正方形,关防为长方形。印铸局依照规定,按不同官署的尺度、字体,选规定的各式材料和纽形,铸造印模呈请国务总理核定后依式铸造。还要在官印的侧面打上日期、号码并制成模印拓片存档。各官署如遇换防、补铸或缴销的旧印,应截去一角,印文和其余部分要求保存完好,旧印上缴印铸局报请销毁。根据国民党党史馆资料记录,原来“党玺”和“国玺”都是国民政府时期的文官处“印铸局”设计、制造。这个北洋工学院关防是由印铸局制造,日期、编号等一切均按民国官印的规定模式制作。<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">四、民国官印有何特色<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">民国年间,指<SPAN lang=EN-US>1912</SPAN>年清朝灭亡以后至<SPAN lang=EN-US>1949</SPAN>年中华人民共和国诞生以前,共三十八年。这一历史时期正是中华民族的多事之秋。人民处在水深火热之中<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>灾荒连年不断<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>政局内外交困<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>掌权人频繁变更<SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN>。就是在这种战争、动荡、灾荒、饥饿,人人疲于身命家园,奔波救亡的历史背景下,居然有一批文人不计个人安危,胸无杂念,凝神静气,为使中华民族优秀传统的篆刻艺术薪火相传,刻治出了一大批线条劲挺俊美、章法错落有致,艺术品极高的篆刻精品,实在难能可贵。当时在印铸局工作的篆刻家之中,王福庵是其中的佼佼者。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>

龙锦营 发表于 2007-3-7 22:54

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">王福庵(<SPAN lang=EN-US>1879-1960</SPAN>),原名寿祺,后更名褆,字维季,号福庵,自称印佣,<SPAN lang=EN-US>70</SPAN>岁后自号持默老人。出生于书香门第,旧学功底深厚,致力金石书画,篆刻承家学,在民国印坛和吴昌硕、赵时棡成鼎足之势,对后世影响深远,是民国印坛具有代表性的篆刻家。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <BR><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN>王福庵在二十年代应政府所聘,任职于北京政府印铸局,并受故宫博物院院长马衡之邀任故宫博物院古物陈列委员。当时在印铸局任职的篆刻家还有唐醉石、冯康侯等人。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1928</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>唐醉石与王福庵分别主篆“中华民国之玺”及“荣典之玺”<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>监督玉工陈燮之镌制。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">三十年代这批篆刻家随印铸局迁往南京。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">王福庵等篆刻大师加盟印铸局,在民国篆文官印中形成“王派”艺术,大大丰富了官印的内涵。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">这段期间铸造的官印,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">恪守</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">玉箸</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">篆法,线条细瘦匀一,几乎没有提按起伏,迥异于此前邓石如、赵之谦、吴昌硕等人的作篆笔法;其字形大体取自《说文》小篆,而有些又借鉴了金文、石鼓文和秦小篆的写法,只是不作秦小篆的篆引形态;若再加以细察,还可以发现,有的字甚至采用了秦汉古玺印和圆朱文印对印文的变形改造方法,似直接从印作中移植过来。上述一切统一起来,呈现出一种整饬匀一、纤秀清丽的特征,成为在特殊历史条件下的一株艺术奇葩。<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">审视眼前这个圆柱形印把子、长方形朱文篆字的铜印,敦厚庄重。“国立北洋工学院关防”九个字是以</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">方折铁线细朱文篆成,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">分二行排列,“国立北洋工”一行五字,实密而显疏,“学院关防”四字,实疏而显密,整饬中见凝重,茂密中见灵动,线条劲挺俊美,章法错落有致,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">洒脱清爽、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">匠心独运,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt">充分显示民国官印的神韵。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">世事变幻无常,本来深藏津门最高学府的大印,在战乱中沦落市井,时至今日又惊现在中山,是际遇还是缘分?世事如棋变幻多,烟云散聚奈谁何?这颗铜印从历史风尘中过来,勾起几多的住事,令人</SPAN>

龙锦营 发表于 2007-3-7 22:56

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">引发无限遐想,让我们细细品味它丰富的内涵,共同分享个中的乐趣。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 28pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"></o:p></SPAN>该帖子于2007-3-7 22:57:17被 阿龙 编辑过该帖子于2007-3-7 22:59:36被 阿龙 编辑过 <A href="http://www.cnssscp.com/bbs/upload/2007-3/7/2007372326170002.jpg" target=_blank><IMG src="http://www.cnssscp.com/bbs/upload/2007-3/7/2007372326170002.jpg" border=0></A><BR><BR></P>该帖子于2007-3-7 23:27:28被 阿龙 编辑过 <A href="http://www.cnssscp.com/bbs/upload/2007-3/7/2007372329266135.jpg" target=_blank><IMG src="http://www.cnssscp.com/bbs/upload/2007-3/7/2007372329266135.jpg" border=0></A><BR><BR>该帖子于2007-3-7 23:29:37被 阿龙 编辑过 <A href="http://www.cnssscp.com/bbs/upload/2007-3/7/2007372330146405.jpg" target=_blank><IMG src="http://www.cnssscp.com/bbs/upload/2007-3/7/2007372330146405.jpg" border=0></A><BR><BR>该帖子于2007-3-7 23:30:17被 阿龙 编辑过 <A href="http://www.cnssscp.com/bbs/upload/2007-3/7/2007372331077652.jpg" target=_blank><IMG src="http://www.cnssscp.com/bbs/upload/2007-3/7/2007372331077652.jpg" border=0></A><BR><BR>该帖子于2007-3-7 23:31:15被 阿龙 编辑过

龙锦营 发表于 2007-3-7 23:14

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龙锦营 发表于 2007-3-7 23:16

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龙锦营 发表于 2007-3-7 23:16

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